開式活塞壓縮(suo)機制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)故(gu)障分析和故(gu)障排除適用于大多(duo)數全(quan)封閉(bi)(bi)壓縮(suo)機制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)。但是由(you)于結構的(de)不同，檢查故(gu)障的(de)方法(fa)也不同。全(quan)封閉(bi)(bi)冰箱具有(you)良好的(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)密(mi)封性能，制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)劑不易(yi)(yi)泄漏(lou)，潤滑油不易(yi)(yi)帶入系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)清(qing)潔，不易(yi)(yi)堵塞。因此，在(zai)運行中故(gu)障少(shao)得多(duo)，且多(duo)發生在(zai)電氣方面。然而，大多(duo)數全(quan)封閉(bi)(bi)制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)都沒有(you)閥門和法(fa)蘭，這給故(gu)障的(de)檢查和維修帶來了困(kun)難。

全封(feng)閉制冷系統常(chang)見的故(gu)障(zhang)有(you):制冷效(xiao)率(lv)低，汽化器結霜緩慢或(huo)不完全，排氣管和冷凝器無熱量，壓(ya)縮機(ji)不能啟動或(huo)連續運(yun)行，壓(ya)縮機(ji)溫度過高(gao)。故(gu)障(zhang)原(yuan)因包括電(dian)氣和機(ji)械方面。一般(ban)情(qing)況(kuang)下，不要貿(mao)然撕毀壓(ya)縮機(ji)。根據具(ju)體情(qing)況(kuang)進行分析，找出故(gu)障(zhang)的原(yuan)因，然后排除或(huo)修復故(gu)障(zhang)。

1. 電氣部分

1）. 開(kai)機(ji)(ji)后壓縮(suo)機(ji)(ji)不運行，或只聽(ting)到嗡嗡聲。這種(zhong)(zhong)情況(kuang)多是由于開(kai)路(lu)(lu):一種(zhong)(zhong)情況(kuang)是機(ji)(ji)殼內端子的連(lian)接器(qi)焊接不牢固，正常運行時松動或斷裂，造成開(kai)路(lu)(lu);另(ling)一種(zhong)(zhong)情況(kuang)是繞組線圈燒壞。這種(zhong)(zhong)情況(kuang)可以用萬(wan)用表逐(zhu)相檢(jian)查，確定(ding)故(gu)障原因，然后排除。

2）. 電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)超(chao)過正(zheng)常電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)值，電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)溫度(du)過高，使控(kong)制(zhi)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器不能正(zheng)常工(gong)作(zuo)。造成這種(zhong)情況的原因(yin)是:線圈或繞(rao)組之間(jian)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)不良造成短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu);繞(rao)組線圈到殼體(ti)短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)，此(ci)時有漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)。此(ci)時應停機(ji)(ji)檢查短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)情況。用(yong)(yong)(yong)萬用(yong)(yong)(yong)表逐一(yi)檢查。如(ru)(ru)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)小，應烘干(gan)。干(gan)燥后(hou)檢查絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，直至電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值符合要(yao)求(qiu)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)萬用(yong)(yong)(yong)表或萬用(yong)(yong)(yong)表檢查相對(dui)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)。如(ru)(ru)果絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)較低，說明兩相短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)。如(ru)(ru)果電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組燒壞，就需要(yao)倒繞(rao)線圈

2. 機械部分

機(ji)械部分常見(jian)的(de)故(gu)障有制(zhi)冷效率低、蒸發(fa)器(qi)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)異(yi)常、排氣(qi)(qi)管和冷凝(ning)器(qi)無熱量、壓(ya)縮機(ji)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)時間過長或不停機(ji)等。出(chu)現上述情(qing)況時，應(ying)先進(jin)行(xing)(xing)外觀檢(jian)查，檢(jian)查各個接頭的(de)焊接連接處(chu)是(shi)否有裂紋或油(you)漬。使(shi)用(yong)(yong)檢(jian)漏(lou)(lou)燈(deng)檢(jian)測(ce)泄漏(lou)(lou)情(qing)況。如發(fa)現有泄漏(lou)(lou)，應(ying)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)補(bu)焊并添加制(zhi)冷劑。如無泄漏(lou)(lou)，啟動機(ji)器(qi)，盡量測(ce)量以下溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du):壓(ya)縮機(ji)吸氣(qi)(qi)口(kou)(kou)和排氣(qi)(qi)口(kou)(kou)的(de)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)、蒸發(fa)器(qi)外壁(bi)的(de)平均溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)和冷凝(ning)器(qi)外壁(bi)的(de)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)。前(qian)者用(yong)(yong)于判斷系(xi)統(tong)內(nei)(nei)(nei)制(zhi)冷劑的(de)量和氣(qi)(qi)缸內(nei)(nei)(nei)氣(qi)(qi)體竄流情(qing)況;后者用(yong)(yong)來判斷冰箱的(de)工(gong)作狀(zhuang)態，用(yong)(yong)壓(ya)縮機(ji)吸氣(qi)(qi)口(kou)(kou)的(de)測(ce)量溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)與(yu)蒸發(fa)器(qi)外壁(bi)的(de)平均溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)減去5-8度(du)(du)(du)的(de)溫(wen)差，再加上壓(ya)縮機(ji)排氣(qi)(qi)口(kou)(kou)和冷凝(ning)器(qi)外壁(bi)的(de)5-8度(du)(du)(du)的(de)溫(wen)差，就(jiu)可以大致(zhi)估計出(chu)系(xi)統(tong)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部的(de)相關溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)。根據這(zhe)些測(ce)量數(shu)據，我們可以大致(zhi)了解全封閉冰箱的(de)制(zhi)冷效率或失效情(qing)況

封(feng)閉(bi)式(shi)壓(ya)縮(suo)機構的(de)(de)(de)(de)故(gu)障檢查也可以用真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)表(biao)來檢查。打開(kai)密封(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工藝(yi)管道壓(ya)住房和連接一個真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)計(ji)(ji)電源打開(kai)后,如果沒有跡象(xiang)表(biao)明真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)計(ji)(ji),它(ta)表(biao)明,高、低(di)壓(ya)力閥(fa)(fa)或閥(fa)(fa)或閥(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)縮(suo)機嚴重(zhong)損壞,或高低(di)壓(ya)閥(fa)(fa)板和閥(fa)(fa)席位有嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)碳(tan)沉(chen)積在(zai)真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)計(ji)(ji),如果有跡象(xiang)但(dan)不能達(da)到所需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)值,高低(di)壓(ya)閥(fa)(fa)門大多關閉(bi)不嚴密，導(dao)致制冷量下(xia)降.